Synopsis Biodiversity is an irreplaceable resource therefore its extinction is always for ever. This is the reason, patenting of biodiversity of any region is being permitted nowadays under Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) to curb the genetic piracy as biodiversity originates at the molecular is the first level of biodiversity. It is the index of variety of nature and comprises every form of life, form the tiniest microbes to the mightiest beasts and gigantic trees. It exists at gene, organism and ecosystem levels. In the present book, various dimensions of biodiversity, viz. historical, ethno-medico-botanical, socio-economical, cultural, structural, legal, conservational and gender related etc. have been discussed by various experts of different fields. Status of biological diversity in forests, wetlands, croplands and specialized areas like the floating grasslands of Manipur, national {Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, agrestal and ruderal sites and other protected areas has been described at length. Thus, the book will be equally useful of specialists, teachers, students of environment sciences, life science, planners, policy makers and administrators. It gives a good insight of several aspects of biodiversity exemplifying various natural phenomena of Indian regions.