Synopsis Biotechnology concerns the practical application of organisms or their components. Historically biotechnology was an art involved in the production of vines, beers and cheeses. Now a days it involve a series of advanced technologies spanning biology, chemistry and process engineering. In recent years discoveries regarding genetic engineering have had a major impact on biotechnology. Its application are varied including the production of new metabolites, drugs, transgenic organisms and biological fuels, genetherapy and remediation of pollutants. The present book gives more emphasis on fungal biotechnology. Different types of microbes (actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi) are extensively used in the production of a large variety of proteins, enzymes, vitamins, antibiotics, steroids, pharmaceuticals, food ingredients, alcohols and biocides. Some of these have developed into large industries producing organic acids, breweries, amino acids, milk products, etc. This book also describes some of the modern techniques used in production of biocides e.g. isolation of fungal protoplasm and production of potent antagonistic strains to control some of the destructive plant pathogens.