Synopsis This volume compiles the 'state of the art' knowledge on several aspects of "Biodiversity, Conservation, and Systematics". The International Botanical Community recognizes "that plants create the ecological habitat for all terrestrial organisms, and that their management and conservation depend on a good understanding of their taxonomy". Biodiversity is considered as "an immense economic resource". Its conservation and sustainable use ensures food security, safeguards human health, and provides ecological as well as aesthetic and cultural benefits. Systematics, as a fundamental science, serves as a very important discipline for understanding biodiversity. In this volume, emphasis has been laid on the simplest Prokaryotic organisms, the diverse Algae, the "Adaptive Strategies of bryophytes and the "Diversity in Pteridophytes". There is stress on the importance of Ethnic Knowledge, Botanic Gardens, and Reproductive Biology in Conservation. Interesting aspects of 'Invasive Plant Species', 'Analysis of Plant Biodiversity and Evolution at Genome Level' and 'leaf Epidermal Diversity in Grasses' are discussed. Detailed accounts of the fauna and lora of Punjab have also been provided.