Synopsis This encyclopaedia has been planned to serve as a convenient source of knowledge and information on a wide range of topics concerning elementary education. It seeks to describe things as they have been in past, as they are at present and as they are likely to develop in future.  Education today is the backbone of all developing societies. The issues of quality in education has become a major issue of the twenty-first century. Educated, skilled and technical trained people are the capital of a developing country.  All the aspects have been dealt with specific reference to the socio-cultural context. This encyclopaedia comprises of three volumes. The material encompasses all important issues pertaining to elementary education in general and teaching aspect of education in particular.  This encyclopaedia is expected to serve as a work of reference for scholars, students and practitioners of education as well as for lay readers who may be interested in knowing different aspects of elementary education.