Synopsis Science and technology in India has progressed largely through the government institutions with its own share of achievements are pitfalls. While there are many pockets o excellence, as a nation India’s global standing in S & T is very much below its real potential, largely because of a lack of an integrated policy push. This review documents is an overview of the S & T status in India to highlight the gaps in S & T capabilities that need policy level focus for India to harness and apply S & T towards achieving the national goals in development and security. This review document paints the broader picture of progress of science and technology in India and attempts to review the interplay of policy and implementation issues that are crucial for achieving the end objectives.