Biotechnology is an old science we find applications in the Bible and applications in the antiquities. It is a new wave of science, being applied to numerous sectors of industry, science, medicine. Biotechnology is an effervescent science, a verdant field of research. Biotechnology today is undergoing a resurgence in a wide range of applications and it was to this end that the concept of writing present manual is originated. The manual is primarily designed for under and post graduate students of all Indian universities, and it is assumed that these students already have basic knowledge of botany, microbiology, genetics and cell biology. Twenty three exercises have been presented in this manual and can be used as a laboratory course work. It contains 10 appendices and a glossary of about 600 terms.