Synopsis Bamboos are giant, woody, treelike grasses with a long history as an exceptionally versatile and widely used resource. Over 75 genera and 1,250 species have been identified. The present crisis in sustained availability can be ensured only by raising extensive bamboo plantations. The present plantation techniques is based on experience rather than on scientific basis. So, the need for authentic but comprehensive and a broad based book on physiology of bamboo has been long felt. Therefore, all available data is documented in a scientific manner for use as reference to farmers, foresters as well as bamboo researchers. This publication is an effort in that direction.