Synopsis This publication has been written primarily to meet the requirements of the practical component of the course 'Soil Biology and Biochemistry' prescribed by the education division of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research as compulsory course for the students pursuing PG studies in soil science. The publication is in instructional mode and is very well illustrated so as to serve as a kind of 'self help' document. No effort has been spared in presenting information in a clear and concise manner.  It has exercises covering both soil microflora and fauna. Besides aspects relating to the enzymes and biochemical transformations of plant nutrients covered in, it has a chapter on the frontier area of soil biotechnology. This publication will be useful not only for the students but also help scientists engaged in research relating to soil biological and biochemical aspects at the ICAR institutes and other research establishments including those dealing with environmental and pollution related issues.