The applied aspects of microbiology and biotechnology with reference to environmental issues including biodiversity are now the frontier areas of research focus among researchers. The importance of biodiversity and environmental biotechnology has tremendously increased in recent years. This book will fulfil the need for a one-volume scientific discussion on the major aspects of biodiversity and environmental biotechnology. The book is an attempt to furnish students and teachers the information at one place in consolidated and precise manner, covering tools and techniques involved, figures, illustration and examples along with research highlights with updated latest references, in order to elucidate topics making the subject more interesting and knowledge-rich. The book embodies twenty four chapters and covers a wide range of topics like phyto- and microbial diversity, medical microbiology, application of plant tissue culture techniques, bioinformatics, bioprospecting and synthetic seed technology, etc. in the study of biodiversity and its management. Further, topics such as transgenics, bioremediation, waste utilization and role of single cell protein, biopesticides, organic farming, scope of genetically modified organisms, biotechnological approachof burbing air pollutants, air pollution monitoring, sericulture, pharmacognosy, characterization of biodiversity through molecular approach, etc. have also been covered in the book.