Livestock play an important role in human society. demand for meat and milk is soaring, and the world's livestock sector is growing at an unprecedented rate. The greatest constraint to livestock productivity is the shortage of feeds and forages. Some countries import cereal grains in an effort to increase livestock production meet the ever-increasing demand for animal products. Higher livestock productivity, however, should be sought through better use of locally available feed resources. crop residues, agro-industrial by products and animal wastes, which are available in appreciable quantities, can play a significant role in the nutrition of ruminants. The purpose of this book is to assist researcher in developing countries, to develop livestock feeding systems based on the available resources which are mainly crop residues, dry and/ or mature pastures and agro-industrial by-products. It will be of great interest to research scientist, extension workers, students, farmers and agricultural managers.