Synopsis The subject of Biodiversity Conservation has gained global attention since 1992, India as a country of mega diversity has joined "UN Convention on Biological Diversity" and enacted "Biological Diversity Act" 2002 and Rules 2004. Significant progress has been made along last 15 years, a detail account of which has been presented in present volume. It includes information on current status, uses, institutional support, traditional knowledge, databases on one side and dealt with the issues of access, transfer and benefit sharing mechanism as also question of capacity building on the other side. This is perhaps one of the most comprehensive account on Indian Biodiversity as on date.