Synopsis In this study an attempt has been made to identify the factors that influence the adoption or non-adoption of new technology in Indian agrarian situation in general and the agricultural situation of Barpeta District of Assam in particular. Identification of such factors would obviously help us to some extent to know how we will be able to use modern agricultural technology for agricultural growth and what measures are to be taken by the govt. as well as by the farmers for adoption of modern agricultural technology. The present investigation was conducted in a limited geographical area consisting of particular agro-climatic and socio-economic conditions of Barpeta District of Assam. Therefore, the findings emanating from the study may not be applicable in all types of agro-climatic and socio-economic conditions our country. Of course the findings of the present study would be applicable in Assam and elsewhere having similar agro-climatic and socio-economic condition, while the general conclusions arrived at may be of value in other spheres subject to local adjustments.