This volume on India and China presents thirteen research contributions that focus on a particular aspect of development in either India or China, or explicitly incorporate a comparative perspective.  Taken together, these new studies paint a shifting view of the China-India comparison.  Just a few years ago one would be hard pressed to find studies arguing the promising future of India over China.  Even today this is not a common perspective.  These studies go beyond statistics, however, to understand the institutions and government-business interactions behind the dynamics of change.  As a result, they reveal many problems in both economies, but also come to more nuanced conclusions about how to gauge progress. While some authors do not address which economy is ahead, overall progress in India is clearly presented, and in some aspects, such as profitability of companies and the strength of the financial sector, the authors explicitly say that India is doing better than China.  None of the chapters concludes that China has an unassailable lead.