Plant conservation is an international issue and one of the major aims of this book has been to explore the importance of biotechnology as evidenced by its use in major international plant genetic resource centers located in different parts of the globe. Most agronomically important plant groups have been considered and particular emphasis has been given to those species which have a significant conservation problem such as the vegetatively propagated tuber crops.  The tools of contemporary biotechnology, such as molecular biology and tissue culture etc. are being increasingly applied to assist the conservation of plant diversity. This book introduces the reader to biotechnological techniques which are currently used to conserve endangered plant species, genetic resources, horticultural and crop plant germplasm etc. It is believed that the book will act as a useful reference to students, researchers and professionals across a range of agricultural sciences, life science and other allied fields.