Synopsis Biodiversity is now the buzzword but not much information is available on biodiversity in India. We would like to bring on record this biodiversity in India in a series of edited volumes. The present volume is the first in this attempt. This volume includes six articles. The first one is on biodiversity in general, while the second one is on biodiversity in India. Relevant statistics have also been given. Dye yielding plants in India are dealt with in the third chapter. In this, botanical name of the dye yielding plant, its family, vernacular names, brief description of the plant, its distribution, dye yielding part, colour of the dye are given. Wherever available, information on method of extraction and chemical structure of the dye have also been given. G.S. Rawla has given an account of Lactarius in India in chapter four. Gaikwad and Yadav have given an account of Eriocaulaceae in Maharashtra. In these two chapters citation, synonymous, description and distribution of the plant have been given. In the last chapter Vasudeva has given an ecological perspective of Fern Flora of Satpura hills.