Synopsis The rationale behind bringing this volume for the perusal of the readers is to acknowledge the research related to demography, inequality and the gender issues focused by the paper writers on various related aspects. The demographic issues are directly linked to economic vis-a-vis social activities. The fertility, poverty, inequality and gender discriminations are the trouble shooters in the development activities along with political instability in India. In fact most of the paper writers were aware of this fact. Accordingly, their perception to the related issues demonstrates this fact very frankly. The policy matters obviously are discussed by a few paper writers.