Synopsis The volume posits a critique to the prevalent dichotomy between the mainstream of Indian society and the tribal cultures. Here, an attempt has been made to explore why this dichotomy came into existence and what have been its consequences in the socio-politically reality of the nation. Drawing from both micro and macro studies the authors question the utility of traditional anthropological discourses on tribal societies. An endeavour to move beyond the straightjacketed approach helps in understanding the nuances the fluidities of cultural boundaries. It also enables us to see tribals as both victims and instruments in the social and political processes of nation-building. Further, the volume examines the structure and processes of the tribal society vis-à-vis their problems, policies, transformation, ethnic discourse and the future. It will be of interest to planners, researchers and students from both a theoretical perspective and empirical understanding.