Synopsis The present volume deals with the income, consumption and indebtedness of agricultural labourers in Assam, India with special reference to Barpeta District. This is an empirical study based on a field survey of agricultural labourers of 12 villages of Barpeta District in Assam. It depicts the socio-economic condition of agricultural labourers in respect of their income, consumption and indebtedness. The study finds that although the average levels of living of labourers has improved a little in recent years due to the efforts of different agencies and associations, their overall standard of living is below that of a decent standard. The study has made a number of pertinent prescriptions for improving the lot of the agricultural labourers in Assam, in particular and in India in general.