Synopsis India is a multicultural country. Because of its diversity, it provides an ideal situation for undertaking anthropological works. How communities and populations continue to retain their identity, in social and cultural terms on one hand and biological on the other, and how they acquire the characteristics of the others because of cultural borrowing or interbreeding are the questions anthropologists systematically investigate. India offers an ideal case for examining unity in diversity both with biological and socio-cultural perspectives. Keeping this in view, the present book is an attempt to locate certain important features of India and her populations, and their historical and cultural backgrounds. The first part of the book gives an introduction, while its second part is a full-length treatment of the situation in India. The health scenario and population dynamics are also discussed in the second section. This book introduces the reader to the anthropological reality of India.