Synopsis Social Movements In Orissa 1936-1976 has highlighted the role of four important segments of the society i.e., peasants, tribals, youth and students and women. The discussion made in this work has revealed that social movements through began loosely in Orissa, that aimed to fetch the common goal. These are essentially collective in nature. The work has tried to answer some questions. what are the structural condition under which movements emerged? What are the theories which conceptualise the genesis of the movements?