Synopsis This book is about the myth or reality of Madrasa and terrorism. Events in the past few years, like destruction of the Babri Masjid and the resulting communal riots in large parts of the country as well as the 9/11 attacks on the WTC and the Pentagon have initiated an open-ended war on terrorism on a global scale. At the same time, the world politics is being reconfigured along cultural lines with the new patterns of conflicts. In India during the BJP led coalition government at the centre, to wage cultural war with the Muslims, the top Hindutva leaders alleged that the Madrasas along the borders with Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh were centers of Pakistani secret service agency, ISI. The Government agencies and Hindutva leaders had started targeting Madrasas in various parts of the country. This book brings out the reality of Madrasas against the background of these accusations. Simultaneously the book explores the reasons behind the existence of Madrasa in the contemporary modernized education system. The association of socio-economic backwardness of the Muslim society with Madrasa education has been assessed.