Synopsis Cancer is one of the biggest challenges of human kind and medical research.  Herbal and traditional remedies are being screened world-wide for their anticancerous properties.  Often Cancer is referred as Arbuda of Ayurvedic Literature.  However most of the drugs recently screened as anti-cancerous, were not indicated in Arbuda in the ancient texts.  Therefore, an attempt is made to introduce what cancer is in Ayurveda.  On the other hand detailed discussion of the cancerous conditions in Ayurveda is also made.  An integrated approach is derived to understand and manage the cancer in the context of present day scientific developments.  A list of experimental and clinical studies conducted on single and compound Ayurvedic preparations for their anti-cancerous properties is also provided.  A short Bibliography of Cancer related research in Ayurveda at Post-Graduate and Ph.D. level is also made available.  Different institutes and their cancer research throughout the world is reported for the reference of the students and scholars.