Biological diversity is fundamental to agriculture and food production. From the millions of genes that serve as life's building blocks to thousand of plants and animals that inhabitat the earth, to almost limitless combinations or organisms that make up natural ecosystems. Biodiversity makes essential contribution to feed the millions of population of the world. India is blessed with varied biodiversity, possesses wealth of flora and fauna and is fortunately endowed with a wide range of agro-climatic conditions that support growth of equally diverse range of plant and animal species. Conservation of these resources is important considering their strategic importance for complimentary economic growth and prosperity. This book describing the plant, animal and marines and microbial biodiversity in India is a resource document for the policy planners, administrators, scientists and researchers who consider this vast resource subscribing for country's economic development. The international treaty and the corresponding Indian laws drive towards for the legal implications and institutional arrangements of biodiversity and bio-conservation.