Synopsis This work focuses on Islamic Fundamentalism as it evolved in recent history and a noticeable variant of it which often resorts to violence, terrorism and insurgency for furtherance of its aim. It discusses several other relevant issues, and takes note of the question which is often posed whether like terrorism, fundamentalism will prove an interlude rather than an evolving feature of historical growth. The answer is not easy to proffer; the clash between terrorism, and the modern world outlook has just begun. The struggle is likely to be a long drawn out process, and one hopes to see light at the end of the tunnel. The main focus here is on India. After the withdrawal of the Soviets from Afghanistan, 1989, the terrorists fattened on the diet of Islamic fundamentalism looked for fresh pastures which were readily available in Kashmir. From Kandhar to Pakistan to Kashmir, the route map was drawn by the ISI of Pakistan and Kashmir became a live scene of fundamentalist turbulence. The Kashmir story has been told many times by eminent scholars; in the study it is viewed solely from the perspective of fundamentalism-driven insurgency. The challenge produced an Indian response the book deals with that.