Synopsis Sugarcane is cash crop in India and Soul of Sugar Industry. It is attacked by several pests and diseases. The present book contains four chapters. The chapter first provides detail information on 38 insect pests of sugarcane, second is devoted for non insect pests and third for vertebrate pests. All above pests are studied with respect to distribution, host records, identification, life cycle, nature of damage and control measures. A special attention is given on sugarcane wooly aphids and white grubs due to their recent outbreak in India. The chapter four illustrates 19 important diseases of sugarcane with respect to historical account, symptoms, casual agents, disease cycle, host plants and control measures. The book is useful guide for farmers, students, teachers and scientists.