Synopsis The North-Eastern region comprising of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura is inhabited by a large number of tribals of various ethnic groups. The North-Eastern zone is the home of a number of primitive societies like Abor, Garo, Dafla, Khasi, Kuki, Mishi, Rabha, Naga, Apatani etc. Although the tribal population in this zone is less than 12 per cent of the total tribal population of the country but they constitute bulk of the population of the region. The rolling mountains, enchanting valleys, swift flowing streams and above all luxuriant forests give evidence of precious gift of bountiful nature bestowed upon the region. The area lies between East Longitudes 89’ 42’, and 97’ 12’, and North Latitude between 22’ 19’, and 30’ North. This wide geographical and climatic diversity provides a repository of valuable medicinal plant wealth of the region. These plants had valuable place in the indigenous system of medicine. It is only recently that the importance has been focused on collection and evaluation of their valuable constituents. This valuable germplasm may be lost or may become extinct due to deforestation, shifting cultivation, over exploitation, and power and irrigation projects being established to develop the area.