Synopsis Moth bean is an important crop for arid areas. It has multi-uses and adapted to extremes of uncongenial ecological niches particularly, in areas receiving less rains with erratic distribution. The crop is credited with a number of adaptive morpho-physiological features. It however, requires genetic improvement in respect of efficient plant types, agronomic improvement, plant protection cares. There is also need on assessment of genetic resources available, quality considerations. Information on these aspects is scarce and unsystematically arranged. Efforts on compilation of available research results would pave a ways for furthering moth bean in required aspects and fields. Efforts have, therefore, been made to collect as far as possible vast information covering past 50 years on moth bean related to different aspects of adaptation, genetic resources, genetic and agronomic improvements, plant protection strategies, biotechnological possibilities and quality considerations. The information have been classified and presented in respect of eleven chapters. In our views the attempts are unique on the traditional less known crop, adapted to very specific habitats. The book, it is hoped, would prove useful and informative to those concerned with moth bean in one respect or other.