Synopsis The author has laboriously worked on the topic, which enumerates for the first time a thousand years of history of Ancient India  Science of Medicine and Surgery (6th B.C.-6th A.D.). A thorough, exhaustive and historical medicament has been presented on the basis of original sources. Her scrupulous and methodical survey throws a flood light on various virgin points such as: Thirty types of medicines, sixty-two types of diseases, out of which seventeen are studied intensively, rare diseases, surgery for eleven types of diseases, seventy-one surgical instruments (information and illustrations). Diseases of women-cause of barrenness, conceptions, contraceptives, pregnancy, birth of a child; nursing, hospitals and attendants, houses of destitutes and many such allied topics. The book will be a Unique contribution to the world of medicament and history  of Buddhist India.