Synopsis This is a volume on the chancellery practices and sigillography of the Safavid dynasty rule in Iran and the Mughal period in India. It examines the seals of royalty and other documents of the Safavid Iran and Mughal India to throw light on some critical aspects of the periods under study. The documents examined include actual specimens that survive of royal decrees, official orders, judicial reports and treaties. The author, Dr. Mozhgan Esmaili, is a specialist in Islamic numismatics and sigillography.