Synopsis This volume covers a wide range of research based topics on traditional forestry knowledge and practices relating to sustainable use of biodiversity resources among local and indigenous communities throughout the state of Chhattisgarh. The research articles have been contributed by eminent scientists, policy makers and forest executives of Chhattisgarh. The articles have been categorised into five broad thematic sections. These sections are intellectual property right and collective biodiversity knowledge, green consumerism vs conservation of MAP diversity in Chhattisgarh, sustainable use of Medicinal Plants, Folk Healers of Chhattisgarh and Medicinal Plant Diversity in Chhattisgarh. Chhattisgarh, the premier herbal state of India upholds rich local health tradition and cultural heritage of the state. The traditional forestry knowledge upheld by forest dwelling communities of the state contribute significantly towards ensuring balance between ecology and economic development since time immemorial. The traditional knowledge base of these communities is tightly interwoven with traditional religious beliefs, customs, folklore, land use practices and community level decision making processes. In the era of industrialization and neocolonisation, the traditional forest related knowledge and practices of this herbal state have been exposed to series of threats. These threats are imbalanced power relations between state forest management authorities and local and indigenous communities. The traditional governance systems and customary laws are often at odds with those of the state. The traditional knowledge and practices are in the process of erosion. The policies and regulations of the government very often restrict access and traditional use of forest resources which lead to brutal damage and erosion of traditional culture and of traditional land and forest management knowledge and practices. The younger generations in indigenous communities of the state do not take interest in protecting traditional wisdom, knowledge and lifestyle. This irreparable loss of traditional knowledge and livelihoods cultural and biological diversity has led to degradation of local adaptability to maintain balance between ecosystem and economic development of the state. This volume covers a well documented directory of traditional healers of the state maintained by Chhattisgarh State Medicinal Plants Board. This volume will provide a wide range of guidelines to policy makers, environmentalists and researchers to develop appropriate action plan and projects on sustainable use and conservation of medicinal plants.