Synopsis India and Pakistan are two nations that have experienced war with each other—in 1947 over Kashmir, the Punjab area in 1965, and the Multan-Sind-Kutch region in 1971. With an ever increasing spread of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), the South Asian region does not escape this trend. Both countries are known to be accumulating relatively large stockpiles of nuclear explosive materials-plutonium and highly enriched uranium. Such programs have furthered fears by the West of an escalation of nuclear weapons to counter and maintain a semblance of balance within South Asia. This book will address and outline the following issues India and Pakistan face that have increased the tension and proliferation of nuclear weapons on the South Asian continent: territory, religious diversity, economic conditions, Indian leadership, Pakistani leadership and the nuclear issue.