The present volume 5 of Biodiversity in India includes ten articles with main emphasis on medicinal plants and ethnobotany. For the first time we included of animal diversity. The first article is on Millipedes and their conservation. The next two articles are on medicinal plants against respiratory complaints and eye diseases. Ethnobotany of East Godavari district is given in Chapter 4, Anantapur District in Chapter 7 and Komaralad Mandal in Chapter 8. Medicinal uses of orchids is given in the following Chapter 5 and Green medicine of Tirupati Kapada Nasllamalai region in Chapter 6. A conspectus of the Tribe Eragrostidae in Andhra Pradesh in given in Chaper 9. The last Chapter deals with cultivated plants of Andhra Pradesh.