When we think of language and language acquisition, we typically think immediately of the amazing capacity of virtually all human children to acquire and use this facility. Language is almost the quintessential complex problem, the touchtone of much of cognitive science research, whether the discipline involved is psychology, philosophy linguistics or computer science. An understanding of language acquisition can perhaps most productively begin with a high-level understanding of what different components of language exist and are learned. The origin of speech and language along with the development of sex and reproduction remains one of the most significant hurdles in evolutionary theory, even in the 21st century. In Western Europe and in the US, almost all foreign language learning starts in secondary school and the vast majority of the relevant age cohort does indeed attend full-day time education at that level. Ion other parts of the world, secondary school attendance is much lower. Sending a child to school where foreign languages are taught is left to the parents who can afford it, or taking private language courses depend on the adult individual’s decision.