The population of India is made up of many strains which entered her territories at one time or another from the older Palaeolithic to the historical periods. Situated at the southern extremity of the Asiatic landmass at the head of the Indian Ocean, flanked by high mountain ranges on her northern and upper parts of her western and eastern frontier and with the sea separating the shores of the remainder, India geographically formed a naturally protected region into which man could move only through gaps in the mountain barriers. One of the results of her topographical conditions was that the races that had come earlier and were in occupation of the country were not destroyed but pushed south and eastwards and to this day they form some of the main components of the population. Each chapter in the book is self contained and is consistent with the general aim of the book. No doubt the chapters given in this book shall help the teachers, students and social scientists to understand and explore more in the subject.