Synopsis The natural vegetation of the district Palamau is now facing a severe threat due to increasing urbanization. The ‘Flora’ may help in listing of several endangered, threatened and rare species. Moreover, it will create an awareness amongst the people as a whole to protect such species from extinction and to take necessary steps for conservation of our ecosystem and environment. Thus ‘Flora’ is an essential inventory in this respect and hence a necessity to wide range of users. The district is floristically rich and was formerly a district of Chotanagpur division. The flora of the district is essentially tropophilous though in some parts there is a tendency to xerophily. One of the conspicuous topographical features of the district is the presence of Natarhat Hill (1126 m) which is situated on the border of Gumla and Palamau district and this hilly terrain subtends both temperate and tropical vegetation. From the botanical point of view this region is of high interest due to its affinity with the rich flora of Madhya Pradesh which lies in the border of Palamau. It usually gives rise to reddish stiff loamy soil, excellently suited for forest growth while kept covered, but bakes to brick like hardness in hot season when denuded.