Synopsis The primal spirituality of the Vedic tradition, which is the subject dealt with in this volume, contains the central ideas of the philosophia perennis-the One as the source and support of the many, the spirituality of matter, and the divinity of all living beings. Its outlook is holistic as it integrates beings with the primal Being. It has a long history of five millennia spanning pre-axial, axial, and modern periods. It has been renewed from time to time through a series of renaissance-first through the Upanisads, again through the epics and the bhakti movement, and then through the modern renaissance leaders. Hence, it is vibrant in spite of its age, modern in spite of its antiquity. Swami Vivekananda, Ramana Maharsi and Jagadguru Candrasekharendra Sarasvati are some of the exemplars of the primal spirituality.