This book would be of great use to under graduate post-graduate students, teachers and scientists in Animal Science, Dairy Science and Veterinary Science as it critically analyze the present situation of livestock research, education and extension and the future programs for sustainable livestock production. Livestock keeper is the master and must be considered as honored client by the professionals engaged in research and education transfer of technology. The R&D in livestock should aim at improvement of production and productivity to an optimum level given the necessary conditions of production viz. i. nutrition, ii. disease situation, its control and eradication measures, iii. processing and marketing infrastructure available and iv. social, economic and cultural aspects of livestock keepers and consumers and their considerations in formulation of livestock improvement programs.