This is a study on the early historic archaeology of Odisha. It discusses the material culture of the state from the Mauryan times to the early Gupta period which is considered the dark age in the political history of Odisha. It deals with archaeological findings especially the sites Sisupalgarh and Kharligarh in detail to connect the histories of eastern Odisha and western Odisha. It takes up the first urbanisation at the time that saw flourishing of cities and many metropolis settlements. It throws light on the rule by kings and dynasties of the land.