This book has grown out of a pamphlet written years ago and put aside at the time. The object of the book is by presenting a bird eye view of the achievements of the ancient Hindus, to invite the attention of thoughtful people to the leading features of the civilization which enabled the inhabitants of this country to contribute so much to the material and moral wellbeing of mankind. And if this attempt succeeds in any way in stimulating interest in the study of the leading institutions of Hinduism and a proper appreciation of their merits, I shall be amply repaid for my labour. I must take this opportunity of expressing my gratitude to Mr. J. Inglis, Superintendent, Scottish mission Industries, Ajmer for his valuable assistance in seeing the book through the press.