Synopsis The recent resurgence of interest in medicinal plants investigations is adequately supported by the material set forth in this book which presents the proceedings of a conference, held with the support of various organisations, such as, DRDA, DST, CSIR and MAPCOST. The conference brought together more than 100 professionals to discuss the contribution of medicinal plants to traditional and modern health care systems and reflects the new attitudes which seeks to protect the rights of indigenous people and to conserve their heritage. Emphasis is also been given on many problems and challenges facing their sustainable development such as : assessment and management of the resource base, cultivation practices and techniques, harvesting and processing practices, conservation and biodiversity of resources, trade issues and aspects dealing with dissemination of information. The diverse mix of contributions provided in 50 chapters highlights the interdisciplinary nature of enthusiasm it is generating in medicinal plants.