Internal conflicts in South Asia and Southeast Asia have existed for decades with severe repercussions: they have harmed the economic, social, and political life of nations. The studies here explore many facets of the long-term conflicts in India especially the multilayered dynamics of the conflicts with special reference to the Northeast region. Referring to the situation in the different states of the region, they view transborder insurgency, struggles for secession or for autonomy, problems resulting from inflow of migrants and conflicts over land and limited resources. They discuss the impact of the conflicts on neighbours especially Nepal and Bhutan and India’s foreign relations with its neighbours. They study the economic consequences of the conflicts, relating them to lack of investments and lack of development and lack of transit facilities that aggravated its isolation.