Synopsis Knowledge base of Ayurveda is a product of many centuries of actual experience. This knowledge can be converted into new effective non-traditional formulations. Traditional formulations may prove effective against disease conditions that are now well defined. Single and multiple active principles responsible for the curative effect ascribed in Ayurveda or against new conditions may get defined. Ayurvedic knowledge may be recombined with other traditional or new knowledge to derive new therapeutics. Ayurveda is expected to be the fountain for a variety of uses in future. The intellectual property manifested in Ayurveda and other traditional medicinal systems in vogue in India needs to be protected for favour of humanity. The publication of the knowledge contained in the Sanskrit and other languages in the form such as the present publication will protect it as well as pave the way for R&D for its wider applications in health services. Present book is a compilation of 50 common plants which have long been in use in the Indian traditional system of medicine. This treatise is fifth in the series initiated at this institute; the previous four were: ‘Withania somnifera The Indian Ginseng Ashwagandha’, ‘Traditional Medicinal Plants for Bioprospection’, ‘Indian Traditional Veterinary Medicinal Plants’ and ‘International Dictionary of Medicinal Plants’. It is hoped that these publications will help in the wider dissemination of knowledge base of Indian traditional system of medicine, including Ayurveda.