The volume examines different aspects of Buddhism in India, describing the sects of Buddhism such as Vajrayana and Tantric Buddhism and the use of Sanskrit by Buddhist scholars to present their texts in India. It views the nature of the contribution of scholars and philosophers to Buddhism in the past, including Nagarjuna of the Madhyamika school, Ashvaghosa and the Buddhist social order, and works of Asanga. It delves into some basic concepts of Buddhism for detailed scrutiny, like those of avatara and naishkramya. It scrutinises the viewpoint of the Buddhists especially regarding the Vedic tradition, such as of yajna, and with reference to the validity of the Vedic scriptures. It also takes up different controversies that have surrounded the death of the Buddha.