There is a growing awareness to the role that natural resources, such as water, land, forests and environmental amenities play in everyone lives. There are many competing uses for natural resources and society is challenged to manage them for improving social well-being on sustainable basis. The book entitled Natural Resource Conservation : Emerging Issues and Future Challenges has contains commissioned articles by experts in various fields in six major sections, viz., Natural resources inventorization, Climate change effects adaptation and mitigation strategies. Conservation technologies for livelihood and environmental security livelihood security and watershed management regional experiences and future thrust and socio economic and policy issues. The chapters in each section are multidisciplinary and covering a wide range of information for better understanding of the diverged problems in the field of Natural Resource Management which includes degradation of resources. Climate change bio-diversity remote sensing and GIS, Soil and water conservation, water resource development land use and land cover, watershed management community participation in resource management, sustainable agriculture and food security, socio-economical aspects, regional experiences etc. The contributions on this document pertain to leading technologists and scientists, planners, administrator, policy makers, program implementing official etc. The each section provides up-dated information and future challenges to achieve desired goals of food and environmental security through resource conservation. The book is intended for those who interested in judicious management of natural resources for sustainable development to meet demands of the growing population.