This publication is a collection of papers on topics relating to biological anthropology. Presenting a range of data collected by surveying population groups in India, the papers deal with anthropometric dimensions, health and morbidity profiles, ageing issues, biochemical variations, dental characteristics, and demographic profiles including biological effects of population migration. They take into account various indigenous communities and other groups in the different states of India for the purpose. They analyse variations in biochemical markers among the population markers of Uttrakhand, haemolytic disorders in indigenous communities of Odisha, emergence of permanent dentition in relation to stature and weight among rural children in Himachal Pradesh and the significance of cephalo-facial measurements in manifestation of mental retardation by utilising data from the city of Lucknow.