Nanotechnology is a broader term and used to describe various aspects of science and technology involved in the study, manipulation and control of individual atoms and molecules, to build machines on the scale of plant cells or create materials and products with nanoscale structures that enable novel applications. An attempt is made in this book to trace important consequences of the coming revolution in molecular nanotechnology, including consequences for the environment, agriculture, biosafety regulation disease diagnosis, medicine, warfare, pest control, industry society and life on earth. This book is a collection of 29 chapters written by researchers who are at the forefront of their field which address the role of application of nanotechnology in nano particles, agricultural/horticulture/animal/fisheries sciences and others. Reading this book will shatter the monolithic term nanotechnology into the myriad of facets that it really is. The intention is to give the interested reader an idea of the incredibly diverse aspects that make up nanotechnology research and development, the results of which will bring about a new era of industrial and agricultural technologies for ensuring social security economy, food and nutrition. It would be an ideal reference book for researchers and students.