The second edition of this book has reconstructed an ideological and empirical examination of socia-economic behaviour and social change of Pukhtun tribe. It also explains the integral situation of the religious and occupational groups within Pukhtum social structure and the functioning of their right and duties in society. This edition is redesign in five chapters that deals with social behaviour and societal changes; settlement patterns of social-economic structures; relationship between lineage and leadership; economics behaviour of lineage ideology; and socio-economic mechanism of patrons and client relationships.