Synopsis The enumeration of various qualities and perspectives of 'Trees' of India in the context of ecology and environment has been the basic concept in preparation of this document. Tree and the Environment--an Indian scenario. One thousand seven hundred tree species occur in scores of ecological niche and in various admixtures covering a wide range of biogeographical realms. The tree resources, like those of herb and shrub resources, are under extreme anthropogenic stress which has been aggravated due to acute drought condition that perpetually prevails over forty percent of the districts of this country. The qualities of trees described in this work relate to ecological, environmental, recreational, biological, ameliorative and inventory aspects of tree resources which also include the bamboos of the country. People's association and participation in the protective and afforestation aspects of forests and trees have been elaborately discussed. Family-wise analytical status of more than 1000 tree species has been enumerated highlighting their ecological, biological and environmental roles which will enable one to assess the tree (forest) wealth of this country.