Synopsis India is rich in diversity of bamboos and canes. About 125 indigenous and exotic species of bamboos are found in India with their concentration being in the north-eastern region. The most widely distributed bamboo genera in India are Bambusa and Dendrocalamus while Calamus is the most common amongst cane. This publication is a part of the series being brought out on various commercial forestry species of India. It contains useful information on the important bamboos and canes of India; their silvicultural characters, phenology, reproduction, silviculture, management, uses protection, economics, growth and yield.