The work is concerned with identification of socio-cultural relations among sections of the population. It focuses on novels by well-known writers including Premchand, Jagdish Chandra, Giriraj Kishor and Pandey Bechan Sharma ‘Ugra’ to throw light on Dalit literature, critique theories of sociology of literature and analyse the structure of Hindi novels. It examines the philosophical traditions with the ideological bases and origin with reference to the novels authored by the writers. It delves into the importance of sociological analysis of literature in understanding what is manifestly states in the novels, what is simply hinted and what is left unsaid. It emphasises the importance of locating the context for understanding the text—that is, ‘sociological imaginations’ incorporating aspects of biography, history and society.